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SMRs – overview, international developments, safety features and the GRS simulation chain

Frontiers in Energy 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4, Pages 793-809 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0751-2

Abstract: (GRS) gGmbH as the main technical support organization for the German Federal Government in nuclear safety

Keywords： small modular reactors (SMRs) history recent developments safety aspects simulation chain of the

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Safety Aspects of Sustainable Storage Dams and Earthquake Safety of Existing Dams

Martin Wieland

Engineering 2016, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages 325-331 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.03.011

Abstract:

The basic element in any sustainable dam project is safety, which includes the following safety elements: ① structural safety, ② dam safety monitoring, ③ operational safety and maintenance, and ④ emergencyLong-term safety primarily includes the analysis of all hazards affecting the project; that is, hazardsThe special features of the seismic safety of dams are discussed.earthquake must be able to withstand the ground motions of a safety evaluation earthquake.

Keywords： Dams Earthquake design Earthquake safety Existing dams Design criteria Seismic hazard Sustainability

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Risk aspects of knowledge management

David OLSON

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2020, Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 301-303 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0087-3

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Research on polyhydroxyalkanoates and glycogen transformations: Key aspects to biologic nitrogen and

Hongjing LI, Yinguang CHEN

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 283-290 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0243-9

Abstract: In this paper, a study was conducted on the effect of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and glycogen transformations on biologic nitrogen and phosphorus removal in low dissolved oxygen (DO) systems. Two laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBR1 and SBR2) were operating with anaerobic/aerobic (low DO, 0.15–0.45 mg·L ) configurations, which cultured a propionic to acetic acid ratio (molar carbon ratio) of 1.0 and 2.0, respectively. Fewer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), total PHA, and glycogen transformations were observed with the increase of propionic/acetic acid, along with more poly-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHV) and poly-3-hydroxy-2-methyvalerate (PH2MV) shifts. The total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was 68% and 82% in SBR1 and SBR2, respectively. In the two SBRs, the soluble ortho-phosphate (SOP) removal efficiency was 94% and 99%, and the average sludge polyphosphate (poly-P) content (g·g-MLVSS ) was 8.3% and 10.2%, respectively. Thus, the propionic to acetic acid ratio of the influent greatly influenced the PHA form and quantity, glycogen transformation, and poly-P contained in activated sludge and further determined TN and SOP removal efficiency. Moreover, significant correlations between the SOP removal rate and the (PHV+ PH2MV)/PHA ratio were observed ( >0.99). Accordingly, PHA and glycogen transformations should be taken into account as key components for optimizing anaerobic/aerobic (low DO) biologic nitrogen and phosphorus removal systems.

Keywords： low dissolved oxygen (DO) biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) glycogen

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Treatability aspects of urban stormwater stressors

Anthony N. TAFURI, Richard FIELD

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 5, Pages 631-637 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0420-0

Abstract: Pollution from diffuse sources (pollution from contaminants picked up and carried into surface waters by stormwater runoff) has been identified as a significant source of water quality problems in the U.S. scientists and engineers continue to seek solutions that will allow them to optimize existing technologies and develop new ones that will provide the best possible protection to people, wildlife, and the environment. This paper addresses the various pollutants or stressors in urban stormwater, including flow (shear force), pathogens, suspended solids/sediment, toxicants (organic and metals), nutrients, oxygen demanding substances, and coarse solids. A broad overview of the pollutants removed and the removal mechanisms by and of conventional best management practices (BMPs) is also presented. The principal treatment mechanisms of conventional wet ponds, vegetative swales/buffer strips, and wetlands are sedimentation and filtration. These mechanisms have the capability to remove significant amounts of suspended solids or particulate matter and are a vital component of strategies to reduce pollutant loads to receiving waters. In addition, because most of the nation’s receiving water violations are caused by pathogen indicator bacteria, it is of utmost importance that research efforts address this problem. Further research is also needed on the treatment of emerging contaminants in BMPs and on the costs and affects of maintenance and maintenance schedules on the long-term performance of BMPs.

Keywords： stormwater wet weather flow urban runoff

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Anewhierarchical software architecture towards safety-critical aspects of a drone system Special Feature on Intelligent Robats

Xiao-rui ZHU, Chen LIANG, Zhen-guo YIN, Zhong SHAO, Meng-qi LIU, Hao CHEN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 3, Pages 353-362 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800636

Abstract:

A new hierarchical software architecture is proposed to improve the safety and reliability of a safetycriticalSince device drivers are considered the most important parts affecting the safety of the drone system

Keywords： Safety-critical Drone Software architecture Formal verification

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Implementation aspects of a phase-field approach for brittle fracture

G. D. HUYNH, X. ZHUANG, H. NGUYEN-XUAN

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages 417-428 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0477-3

Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive overview of a phase-field model of fracture in solid mechanics setting. We start reviewing the potential energy governing the whole process of fracture including crack initiation, branching or merging. Then, a discretization of system of equation is derived, in which the key aspect is that for the correctness of fracture phenomena, a split into tensile and compressive terms of the strain energy is performed, which allows crack to occur in tension, not in compression. For numerical analysis, standard finite element shape functions are used for both primary fields including displacements and phase field. A staggered scheme which solves the two fields of the problem separately is utilized for solution step and illustrated with a segment of Python code.

Keywords： phase-field modeling FEM staggered scheme fracture

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Molecular aspects of MERS-CoV

Ali A. Rabaan, Ali M. Bazzi, Shamsah H. Al-Ahmed, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq

Frontiers of Medicine 2017, Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages 365-377 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0521-z

Abstract:

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a betacoronavirus which can cause acute respiratory distress in humans and is associated with a relatively high mortality rate. Since it was first identified in a patient who died in a Jeddah hospital in 2012, the World Health Organization has been notified of 1735 laboratory-confirmed cases from 27 countries, including 628 deaths. Most cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia. MERS-CoV ancestors may be found in Old World bats of the Vespertilionidae family. After a proposed bat to camel switching event, transmission of MERS-CoV to humans is likely to have been the result of multiple zoonotic transfers from dromedary camels. Human-to-human transmission appears to require close contact with infected persons, with outbreaks mainly occurring in hospital environments. Outbreaks have been associated with inadequate infection prevention and control implementation, resulting in recommendations on basic and more advanced infection prevention and control measures by the World Health Organization, and issuing of government guidelines based on these recommendations in affected countries including Saudi Arabia. Evolutionary changes in the virus, particularly in the viral spike protein which mediates virus-host cell contact may potentially increase transmission of this virus. Efforts are on-going to identify specific evidence-based therapies or vaccines. The broad-spectrum antiviral nitazoxanide has been shown to have in vitro activity against MERS-CoV. Synthetic peptides and candidate vaccines based on regions of the spike protein have shown promise in rodent and non-human primate models. GLS-5300, a prophylactic DNA-plasmid vaccine encoding S protein, is the first MERS-CoV vaccine to be tested in humans, while monoclonal antibody, m336 has given promising results in animal models and has potential for use in outbreak situations.

Keywords： MERS-CoV Saudi Arabia spike protein transmission evolution vaccine

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Eco-innovative design approach: Integrating quality and environmental aspects in prioritizing and solving

Mahmoud CHAKROUN,Grigore GOGU,Thomas PACAUD,Fran?ois THIRION

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2014, Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 203-217 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0308-8

Abstract: study proposes an eco-innovative design process taking into consideration quality and environmental aspectsThen, for a better consideration of environmental aspects, a new tool is developed, the non-quality matrix

Keywords： eco-innovation non-quality matrix TRIZ composted product spreading

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Aspects of rock permeability

Lianyang ZHANG

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 102-116 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0201-2

Abstract: Based on a comprehensive literature review, this paper outlines the key aspects of rock permeability

Keywords： rock permeability discontinuity stress temperature scale effect anisotropy

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Computational Aspects of Dam Risk Analysis: Findings and Challenges

Ignacio Escuder-Bueno,Guido Mazzà,Adrián Morales-Torres,Jesica T. Castillo-Rodríguez

Engineering 2016, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages 319-324 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.03.005

Abstract:

In recent years, risk analysis techniques have proved to be a useful tool to inform dam safety managementorganized by the International Commission on Large Dams Technical Committee on “Computational AspectsThese Benchmark Workshops have allowed a complete review of numerical aspects for dam risk analysis,

Keywords： Dams Risk analysis Computational methods Safety management Hydraulic structures

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half-cell of a cerium redox flow battery using computational fluid dynamics: Mathematical and modelling aspects

Fernando F. Rivera, Berenice Miranda-Alcántara, Germán Orozco, Carlos Ponce de León, Luis F. Arenas

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 2, Pages 399-409 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1934-9

Abstract: Description of electrolyte fluid dynamics in the electrode compartments by mathematical models can be a powerful tool in the development of redox flow batteries (RFBs) and other electrochemical reactors. In order to determine their predictive capability, turbulent Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and free flow plus porous media (Brinkman) models were applied to compute local fluid velocities taking place in a rectangular channel electrochemical flow cell used as the positive half-cell of a cerium-based RFB for laboratory studies. Two different platinized titanium electrodes were considered, a plate plus a turbulence promoter and an expanded metal mesh. Calculated pressure drop was validated against experimental data obtained with typical cerium electrolytes. It was found that the pressure drop values were better described by the RANS approach, whereas the validity of Brinkman equations was strongly dependent on porosity and permeability values of the porous media.

Keywords： CFD simulation porous media porous electrode pressure drop redox flow battery

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Urban design based on public safety-Discussion on safety-based urban design

Kaizhen CAI, Jianguo WANG

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2009, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages 219-227 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0023-4

Abstract: Because of public safety problems in construction of urban surroundings, this paper expounds the necessityof the study on public safety-based urban design in perspective of modern city.It brings forward the concept of safety-based urban design and attempts to explore the basic connotation

Keywords： urban public safety urban design safety-based urban design

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Dynamic aspects of domination networks Personal View

Yu-xian LIU, Ronald ROUSSEAU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 4, Pages 635-648 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800553

Abstract: Study of dynamic aspects of networks is essential for potential applications in many fields such as business

Keywords： Domination Power structure Digraphs Network dynamics

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Study on the Priority of Food Safety Science and Technology in China

Wei Yimin,Wu Yongning,Zhou Naiyuan,Pan Jiarong

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 11, Pages 1-4

Abstract: its focus on food quality and safety, while developing economy.This paper, from the angle of developing national food safety strategy and strengthening food safetyis the scientific basis of food safety, and risk assessment is the key technology of food safety, itis suggested to be the first priority of food safety strategy., all responsible parties should bear the responsibility for food quality and safety.

Keywords： food safety science and technology of food safety strategy of food safety priority of food safety